Menene CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell)?
Da farko, bari mu kalli tsarin garkuwar jikin dan adam.
Tsarin rigakafi ya ƙunshi hanyar sadarwa na sel, kyallen takarda, da gabobin da ke aiki tare donkare jiki.Daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke tattare da su shine farin jini, wanda ake kira leukocytes.wanda ya zo cikin nau'i biyu na asali waɗanda ke haɗuwa don neman da lalata kwayoyin halitta masu haddasa cututtuka koabubuwa.
Nau'i biyu na asali na leukocytes sune:
Phagocytes, kwayoyin da ke tauna kwayoyin halitta.
Lymphocytes, ƙwayoyin da ke ba da damar jiki don tunawa da gane mahara na baya da taimakojiki ya halaka su.
Yawancin sel daban-daban ana ɗaukar su phagocytes.Mafi yawan nau'in neutrophils,wanda da farko yana yaki da kwayoyin cuta.Idan likitoci sun damu game da kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta, za su iya yin odagwajin jini don ganin idan majiyyaci yana da ƙarin adadin neutrophils wanda kamuwa da cuta ya haifar.
Sauran nau'ikan phagocytes suna da nasu ayyukan don tabbatar da cewa jiki ya amsa daidaizuwa wani nau'in mahara na musamman.
Nau'i biyu na lymphocytes sune B lymphocytes da T lymphocytes.Lymphocytes fara fitaa cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa kuma ko dai su zauna a can kuma su girma cikin kwayoyin B, ko kuma su bar ga thymusgland, inda suka girma cikin kwayoyin T.B lymphocytes da T-lymphocytes sun bambantaayyuka: B lymphocytes kamar tsarin leken asirin soja na jiki ne, suna neman nasuhari da aika kariya don kulle su.T Kwayoyin kamar sojoji ne, suna lalatar damahara da tsarin leken asiri ya gano.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) fasahar T cell: wani nau'i ne na salon salula na rikoimmunotherapy (ACI).Kwayoyin T marasa lafiya suna bayyana CAR ta hanyar sake gina kwayoyin halittafasaha, wanda ke sa sel masu tasiri T sun fi niyya, masu mutuwa da dagewa fiye daKwayoyin rigakafi na al'ada, kuma suna iya shawo kan microenvironment na immunosuppressive na gidakumburi da karya rundunar rigakafi haƙuri.Wannan ƙayyadaddun maganin ƙwayar cuta ce ta musamman na rigakafi.
Ka'idar CART ita ce fitar da "tsarin al'ada" na kwayoyin T na rigakafi na majiyyacikuma ci gaba da aikin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta, tara in vitro don takamaiman maƙasudin ƙari na manyanmakamin antipersonnel "chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)", sa'an nan kuma sanya sel T da aka canzakomawa cikin jikin majiyyaci, sabbin masu karɓar tantanin halitta da aka gyara zasu kasance kamar shigar da tsarin radar,wanda ke iya jagorantar ƙwayoyin T don gano wuri da lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Amfanin CART a BPIH
Saboda bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin yanki na siginar ciki, CAR ta haɓaka huɗutsararraki.Muna amfani da sabon ƙarni CART.
1sttsara: Akwai nau'in siginar intracellular guda ɗaya kawai da hana ƙaritasirin ya kasance mara kyau.
2ndtsara: An ƙara wani haɗin gwiwar kwayoyin halitta a kan tushen ƙarni na farko, da kumaikon ƙwayoyin T don kashe ciwace-ciwace an inganta.
3rdtsara: Dangane da ƙarni na biyu na CAR, ikon ƙwayoyin T don hana ƙarihaɓakawa da haɓaka apoptosis an inganta sosai.
4thtsara: Kwayoyin CAR-T na iya shiga cikin share yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyarkunna NFAT na rubutu na ƙasa don haifar da interleukin-12 bayan CARgane da manufa antigen.
| Tsari | Karfafawa Factor | Siffar |
| 1st | CD3ζ | Takamaiman kunna tantanin halitta T, cytotoxic T cell, amma ba zai iya yaduwa da rayuwa a cikin jiki ba. |
| 2nd | CD3ζ+CD28/4-1BB/OX40 | Ƙara costimulator, inganta yawan gubar tantanin halitta, iyakantaccen haɓakawa. |
| 3rd | CD3ζ+CD28/4-1BB/OX40+CD134/CD137 | Ƙara 2 costimulators, ingantaiyawar yaduwa da guba. |
| 4th | Halin kisan kai/Amored CAR-T (12IL) Tafi CAR-T | Haɗa kwayar kashe kansa, bayyana yanayin rigakafi da sauran matakan sarrafawa daidai. |
Hanyar magani
1) Warewa Farin Kwayoyin Jini: Kwayoyin T marasa lafiya sun keɓe daga jinin da ke kewaye.
2) Kunna ƙwayoyin T: Magnetic beads (kwayoyin dendritic na wucin gadi) masu rufi da ƙwayoyin rigakafi sunaamfani da su kunna T Kwayoyin.
3) Canjawa: Kwayoyin T an tsara su ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta don bayyana CAR a cikin vitro.
4) Ƙwaƙwalwa: Kwayoyin T da aka gyara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta suna karuwa a cikin vitro.
5) Chemotherapy: An riga an yi wa majiyyacin magani tare da chemotherapy kafin sake dawo da kwayar cutar T.
6) Sake jiko: Kwayoyin T da aka gyaggyarawa ta Halittu suna ba da baya cikin majiyyaci.
Alamomi
Alamomi ga CAR-T
Tsarin numfashi: Ciwon daji na huhu (kananan ciwon huhu, squamous cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma), ciwon daji na nasopharynx, da dai sauransu.
Tsarin narkewar abinci: Hanta, ciki da kansar launi, da sauransu.
Tsarin Urinary: Ciwon koda da adrenal carcinoma da ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta, da dai sauransu.
Tsarin jini: M cutar sankarar bargo na lymphoblastic (T lymphomaban da) da sauransu.
Sauran ciwon daji: m melanoma, nono, prostae da kansar harshe, da dai sauransu.
Tiyata don cire raunin farko, amma rigakafi yana da ƙasa, kuma sake dawowa yana jinkirin.
Ciwon daji tare da yaduwar metastasis wanda ba zai iya ci gaba da tiyata ba.
Tasirin sinadarai na chemotherapy da radiotherapy babba ne ko rashin kulawa ga chemotherapy da radiotherapy.
Hana sake dawowar ƙari bayan tiyata, chemotherapy da radiotherapy.
Amfani
1) Kwayoyin CAR T suna da niyya sosai kuma suna iya kashe ƙwayoyin ƙari tare da takamaiman antigen yadda ya kamata.
2) CAR-T cell far yana buƙatar ɗan lokaci.CAR T yana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin lokaci zuwa al'adar ƙwayoyin T saboda yana buƙatar ƙarancin sel a ƙarƙashin tasirin magani iri ɗaya.Za'a iya rage sake zagayowar al'adar vitro zuwa makonni 2, wanda ya rage yawan lokacin jira.
3) CAR na iya gane ba kawai peptide antigens ba, har ma da sukari da antigens na lipid, yana faɗaɗa kewayon antigens na ƙari.Maganin CAR T kuma baya iyakance ta antigens sunadaran ƙwayoyin ƙari.CAR T na iya amfani da sikari da lipid antigens waɗanda ba na gina jiki ba na ƙwayoyin ƙari don gano antigens a cikin girma dabam dabam.
4) CAR-T yana da wani nau'i mai fa'ida - reproducibility.Tun da an bayyana wasu rukunin yanar gizo a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙari masu yawa, kamar EGFR, ƙwayar CAR na wannan antigen za a iya amfani da shi sosai da zarar an gina shi.
5) Kwayoyin CAR T suna da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na rigakafi kuma suna iya rayuwa a cikin jiki na dogon lokaci.Yana da mahimmancin mahimmancin asibiti don hana sake dawowar ƙari.