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Cikakken Fassarar Maganin Kwayoyin CAR T
CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), wanda ke nufin ƙwayoyin T-receptor na chimeric antigen, tsari ne inda ake ƙera ƙwayoyin T na mutum ta hanyar halitta a wajen jiki don a gyara su, wanda ke ba su damar gane da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa yadda ya kamata kafin a sake saka su cikin jikin majiyyaci, ta haka ne za a cimma burin magance ciwon daji masu illa.
A gaskiya ma, maganin CAR-T ba wai kawai ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon daji ba ne, har ma yana da babban tasiri a fannoni na cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki, cututtuka masu tsanani, cututtukan zuciya, da cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru.
Kwayoyin T, waɗanda aka fi sani da T lymphocytes, su ne manyan sassan lymphocytes kuma suna da alhakin amsawar garkuwar jiki da kuma kare cututtuka. Suna da ayyuka kamar kashe ƙwayoyin da aka nufa kai tsaye, taimakawa da hana ƙwayoyin B samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, amsawa ga takamaiman antigens da mitogens, da kuma samar da cytokines.
Ba shakka, tsarin garkuwar jikin ɗan adam ba ya takaita ga ƙwayoyin T kawai ba; ya kuma haɗa da ƙwayoyin B, neutrophils, ƙwayoyin K, ƙwayoyin NK, da sauransu. Suna taka rawa wajen share samfuran metabolism na sharar jiki daga jiki, gane da samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, da kuma gano da kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasashen waje da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Tunda ƙwayoyin T sun riga suna da aikin gane da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, me yasa ya zama dole a ƙara CAR zuwa ƙwayoyin T ta hanyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin CAR-T don kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa? Wannan ya kawo mu ga manufar gujewa garkuwar jiki, wanda shine ɗayan manyan halaye na ciwon daji.
Maganin CAR-T, ko kuma maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T, ya ƙunshi raba ƙwayoyin T na majiyyaci, faɗaɗa su a wajen jiki, sannan a gabatar da wani maganin rigakafi na ƙwayoyin tumor CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) wanda aka ƙera ta hanyar wucin gadi ga ƙwayoyin T. Bayan an sarrafa shi, aikin hana ƙari na ƙwayoyin T yana ƙaruwa sosai kafin a sake saka su cikin jikin majiyyaci, don haka yana dawo da ikon ƙwayoyin T na gane da kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Wannan shine ainihin maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T.
Maganin CAR-T na Impact Bio IMPT-514 ya sami amincewar FDA.
A ranar 21 ga Agusta, 2024, Impact Bio ta sanar da cewa FDA ta amince da aikace-aikacenta na IND don maganin IMPT-514 da ta ƙirƙira. IMPT-514 magani ne na CD19/CD20 CAR-T wanda aka yi amfani da shi don magance cutar lupus erythematosus mai aiki (SLE). A cikin bayanan gwaji na asibiti, an nuna cewa IMPT-514 yana da inganci sosai wajen samar da shi daga marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsanancin hana garkuwar jiki daga cututtuka daban-daban na autoimmune, kuma ya nuna ƙarfin ikon share ƙwayoyin B-sel tare da ɗan ƙaramin bayanin cytokine. Maganin Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T don babban lymphoma na B-sel har yanzu yana nuna ci gaba da amsawa bayan shekaru biyar. A ranar 2 ga Agusta, 2024, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ta fitar da rahoton bayanai kan adadin rayuwa na dogon lokaci bayan maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa a tsakanin marasa lafiya da aka yi wa maganin CAR-T, adadin tsira na shekaru 5 ba tare da ci gaba ba ya kai kashi 29%, jimillar rayuwa (OS) na shekaru 5 ya kai kashi 40%, kuma adadin tsira na shekaru 5 na lymphoma ya kai kashi 53%, tare da sake dawowa a makare. Axicabtagene ciloleucel magani ne na CD19 chimeric antigen receptor wanda aka amince da shi don maganin babban lymphoma na B-cell da ya sake dawowa ko kuma ya sake yin illa. Kammalawa: A cikin yanayin kulawa na yau da kullun, sakamakon maganin axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T ya yi daidai da sakamakon da aka ruwaito a gwaje-gwajen asibiti, tare da amsoshi masu ɗorewa da aka lura a cikin maki na shekaru 5.
Maganin CAR-T na farko mai nasara a duniya don magance cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki.A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2024, shafin yanar gizo na Nature ya jagoranci wani rahoto da ya gabatar da sakamakon bincike daga wata tawagar kasar Sin. Masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da fasahar gyaran kwayoyin halitta ta CRISPR-Cas9 don kirkirar kwayoyin halitta masu lafiya wadanda aka samo daga masu bayar da gudummawa wadanda ke kai hari ga CD19, suna kirkirar wani sabon zamani na maganin CAR-T na allogeneic wanda ya taimaka wa marasa lafiya uku da ke dauke da cututtukan da ke dauke da cutar kansa su sami sassauci na dogon lokaci.
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Matsalolin lafiya da suka shafi "ƙwanƙwasa huhu"
Kula da ƙwayoyin huhu na yau da kullun ya haɗa da biopsy da pneumectomy.
Matsaloli kamar pneumothorax da hemothorax suna da sauƙin faruwa yayin aikin biopsy.
Akwai haɗarin zubar da ƙwayoyin ƙari da kuma yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana da wuya a gane cutar saboda ƙarancin adadin ƙwayoyin halittar da ake amfani da su wajen ɗaukar hoton jini.
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Ciwon daji na huhu
Ciwon daji na huhu (wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon daji na bronchial) ciwon daji ne mai hatsari wanda ke faruwa sakamakon ƙwayoyin halittar bronchial epithelial masu girma daban-daban. Dangane da bayyanarsa, an raba shi zuwa tsakiya, na gefe da kuma babba (gauraye).
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Ciwon Daji na Narkewar Abinci
A matakin farko na ciwon narkewar abinci, babu alamun rashin jin daɗi kuma babu wani ciwo a bayyane, amma ana iya gano ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin bayan gida ta hanyar yin gwajin bayan gida na yau da kullun da kuma gwajin jinin da ba a gani ba, wanda ke nuna zubar jini a cikin hanji. Gastroscopy na iya gano sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanji a matakin farko.
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Ciwon daji na Pancreatic
Ciwon daji na pancreas yana ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan daji mafi muni da ke shafar pancreas, wani gabobi da ke bayan ciki. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta marasa kyau a cikin pancreas suka fara girma ba tare da iko ba, suna samar da ƙari. Matakan farko na ciwon daji na pancreas yawanci ba sa haifar da wata alama. Yayin da ciwon yake girma, yana iya haifar da alamu kamar ciwon ciki, ciwon baya, raguwar nauyi, rashin ci, da jaundice. Waɗannan alamun kuma na iya faruwa ne sakamakon wasu yanayi, don haka yana da mahimmanci a ga likita idan kun fuskanci ɗayansu.
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Ciwon daji na Prostate
Ciwon daji na mafitsara wani nau'in ciwon daji ne da aka saba samu a jiki lokacin da ƙwayoyin cutar kansar mafitsara suka girma suka bazu a jikin maza, kuma yawan kamuwa da shi yana ƙaruwa da shekaru. Duk da cewa gano cutar da wuri da kuma magani suna da matuƙar muhimmanci, wasu magunguna na iya taimakawa wajen rage ci gaban cutar da kuma inganta rayuwar marasa lafiya. Ciwon daji na mafitsara na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, amma yawanci shine mafi yawan lokuta a cikin maza sama da shekaru 60. Yawancin masu fama da cutar kansar mafitsara maza ne, amma akwai kuma mata da 'yan luwaɗi.
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Ciwon daji na Ovarian
Kwai yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman gabobin haihuwa na ciki na mata, kuma babban sashin jima'i na mata. Aikinsa shine samar da ƙwai da kuma samar da hormones. Tare da yawan kamuwa da cuta a tsakanin mata. Yana barazana ga rayuwar mata da lafiyarsu sosai.
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Ciwon daji na Koda
Ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin koda wani mummunan ƙari ne da ya samo asali daga tsarin fitsari mai siffar bututun fitsari na renal parenchyma. Kalmar ilimi ita ce ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin koda, wanda aka fi sani da ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin koda, wanda aka fi sani da ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin koda. Ya haɗa da nau'ikan ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin koda daban-daban waɗanda suka samo asali daga sassa daban-daban na bututun fitsari, amma ba ya haɗa da ciwon daji da suka samo asali daga ciwon daji na renal interstitium da na ƙananan ƙusoshin koda. Tun daga shekarar 1883, Grawitz, wani masanin ilimin cututtuka na Jamus, ya ga cewa... -
Ciwon Kashi
Menene ciwon ƙashi? Wannan tsari ne na musamman na ɗaukar kaya, firam, da kwarangwal na ɗan adam. Duk da haka, har ma da wannan tsarin mai ƙarfi ana iya ware shi kuma ya zama mafaka ga ciwon daji masu haɗari. Ciwon daji masu haɗari na iya haɓaka daban-daban kuma ana iya samar da su ta hanyar sake farfaɗo da ciwon daji marasa lahani. A mafi yawan lokuta, idan muka yi magana game da ciwon ƙashi, muna nufin abin da ake kira ciwon daji mai yaduwa, lokacin da ciwon ya taso a wasu gabobin jiki (huhu, nono, prostate) kuma ya bazu a ƙarshen mataki, gami da ƙashi ... -
Ciwon Hanta
Menene ciwon hanta? Da farko, bari mu koyi game da wata cuta da ake kira ciwon daji. A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, ƙwayoyin halitta suna girma, suna rabuwa, kuma suna maye gurbin tsoffin ƙwayoyin halitta don su mutu. Wannan tsari ne mai tsari mai kyau tare da ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa. Wani lokaci wannan tsari yana lalacewa kuma yana fara samar da ƙwayoyin da jiki baya buƙata. Sakamakon shine ciwon na iya zama mara lahani ko mara lahani. Ciwon daji mara lahani ba ciwon daji bane. Ba za su yaɗu zuwa wasu gabobin jiki ba, kuma ba za su sake girma ba bayan tiyata. Duk da cewa... -
Ciwon daji na maƙogwaro
Ana kiran ciwon daji na hanji da ciwon daji na hanji, ciwon daji ne da aka saba gani a cikin hanyoyin narkewar abinci, wanda ya fi faruwa bayan ciwon daji na ciki da makogwaro, shi ne mafi yawan kamuwa da cutar kansar hanji (kimanin kashi 60%). Yawancin marasa lafiya sun haura shekaru 40, kuma kusan kashi 15% suna ƙasa da shekaru 30. Maza sun fi yawa, rabon namiji da mace shine 2-3:1 bisa ga lurar asibiti, an gano cewa wani ɓangare na ciwon daji na hanji yana faruwa ne daga polyps na dubura ko schistosomiasis; kumburi na hanji na yau da kullun, wasu na iya haifar da ciwon daji; cin abinci mai yawan kitse da furotin yana haifar da ƙaruwar fitar da sinadarin cholic acid, na ƙarshen yana narkewa zuwa polycyclic hydrocarbons marasa cikawa ta hanyar anaerobes na hanji, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da ciwon daji.
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Ciwon Daji na Mahaifa
Ciwon daji na mahaifa, wanda aka fi sani da ciwon daji na mahaifa, shine ciwon daji na mata da aka fi sani da shi a cikin hanyar haihuwa ta mata. HPV shine babban abin da ke haifar da cutar. Ana iya hana ciwon daji na mahaifa ta hanyar yin gwaji akai-akai da kuma allurar rigakafi. Ciwon daji na mahaifa na farko yana warkewa sosai kuma hasashen yana da kyau.
Cibiyar likitanci ta haɗin gwiwa ta Asibitin Ciwon Daji na Beijing