Cikakken Fassarar Maganin Kwayoyin CAR T
Takaitaccen Bayani:
CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), wanda ke nufin ƙwayoyin T-receptor na chimeric antigen, tsari ne inda ake ƙera ƙwayoyin T na mutum ta hanyar halitta a wajen jiki don a gyara su, wanda ke ba su damar gane da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa yadda ya kamata kafin a sake saka su cikin jikin majiyyaci, ta haka ne za a cimma burin magance ciwon daji masu illa.
A gaskiya ma, maganin CAR-T ba wai kawai ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon daji ba ne, har ma yana da babban tasiri a fannoni na cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki, cututtuka masu tsanani, cututtukan zuciya, da cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru.
Kwayoyin T, waɗanda aka fi sani da T lymphocytes, su ne manyan sassan lymphocytes kuma suna da alhakin amsawar garkuwar jiki da kuma kare cututtuka. Suna da ayyuka kamar kashe ƙwayoyin da aka nufa kai tsaye, taimakawa da hana ƙwayoyin B samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, amsawa ga takamaiman antigens da mitogens, da kuma samar da cytokines.
Ba shakka, tsarin garkuwar jikin ɗan adam ba ya takaita ga ƙwayoyin T kawai ba; ya kuma haɗa da ƙwayoyin B, neutrophils, ƙwayoyin K, ƙwayoyin NK, da sauransu. Suna taka rawa wajen share samfuran metabolism na sharar jiki daga jiki, gane da samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, da kuma gano da kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasashen waje da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Tunda ƙwayoyin T sun riga suna da aikin gane da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, me yasa ya zama dole a ƙara CAR zuwa ƙwayoyin T ta hanyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin CAR-T don kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa? Wannan ya kawo mu ga manufar gujewa garkuwar jiki, wanda shine ɗayan manyan halaye na ciwon daji.
Maganin CAR-T, ko kuma maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T, ya ƙunshi raba ƙwayoyin T na majiyyaci, faɗaɗa su a wajen jiki, sannan a gabatar da wani maganin rigakafi na ƙwayoyin tumor CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) wanda aka ƙera ta hanyar wucin gadi ga ƙwayoyin T. Bayan an sarrafa shi, aikin hana ƙari na ƙwayoyin T yana ƙaruwa sosai kafin a sake saka su cikin jikin majiyyaci, don haka yana dawo da ikon ƙwayoyin T na gane da kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Wannan shine ainihin maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T.
Maganin CAR-T na Impact Bio IMPT-514 ya sami amincewar FDA.
A ranar 21 ga Agusta, 2024, Impact Bio ta sanar da cewa FDA ta amince da aikace-aikacenta na IND don maganin IMPT-514 da ta ƙirƙira. IMPT-514 magani ne na CD19/CD20 CAR-T wanda aka yi amfani da shi don magance cutar lupus erythematosus mai aiki (SLE). A cikin bayanan gwaji na asibiti, an nuna cewa IMPT-514 yana da inganci sosai wajen samar da shi daga marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsanancin hana garkuwar jiki daga cututtuka daban-daban na autoimmune, kuma ya nuna ƙarfin ikon share ƙwayoyin B-sel tare da ɗan ƙaramin bayanin cytokine. Maganin Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T don babban lymphoma na B-sel har yanzu yana nuna ci gaba da amsawa bayan shekaru biyar. A ranar 2 ga Agusta, 2024, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ta fitar da rahoton bayanai kan adadin rayuwa na dogon lokaci bayan maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa a tsakanin marasa lafiya da aka yi wa maganin CAR-T, adadin tsira na shekaru 5 ba tare da ci gaba ba ya kai kashi 29%, jimillar rayuwa (OS) na shekaru 5 ya kai kashi 40%, kuma adadin tsira na shekaru 5 na lymphoma ya kai kashi 53%, tare da sake dawowa a makare. Axicabtagene ciloleucel magani ne na CD19 chimeric antigen receptor wanda aka amince da shi don maganin babban lymphoma na B-cell da ya sake dawowa ko kuma ya sake yin illa. Kammalawa: A cikin yanayin kulawa na yau da kullun, sakamakon maganin axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T ya yi daidai da sakamakon da aka ruwaito a gwaje-gwajen asibiti, tare da amsoshi masu ɗorewa da aka lura a cikin maki na shekaru 5.
Maganin CAR-T na farko mai nasara a duniya don magance cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki.
A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2024, shafin yanar gizo na Nature ya jagoranci wani rahoto da ya gabatar da sakamakon bincike daga wata tawagar kasar Sin. Masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da fasahar gyaran kwayoyin halitta ta CRISPR-Cas9 don kirkirar kwayoyin halitta masu lafiya wadanda aka samo daga masu bayar da gudummawa wadanda ke kai hari ga CD19, suna kirkirar wani sabon zamani na maganin CAR-T na allogeneic wanda ya taimaka wa marasa lafiya uku da ke dauke da cututtukan da ke dauke da cutar kansa su sami sassauci na dogon lokaci.
