Menene CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell)?
Da farko, bari mu kalli tsarin garkuwar jikin dan adam.
Tsarin garkuwar jiki ya ƙunshi hanyar sadarwa na sel, kyallen takarda, da gabobin da ke aiki tare don kare jiki.Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da su shine farin jini, wanda kuma ake kira leukocytes, waɗanda ke zuwa cikin nau'i biyu na asali waɗanda ke haɗuwa don nema da lalata kwayoyin halitta ko abubuwa masu haddasa cututtuka.
Nau'i biyu na asali na leukocytes sune:
Ø phagocytes, Kwayoyin da suke tauna kwayoyin halitta
Ø lymphocytes, kwayoyin da ke ba da damar jiki don tunawa da gane maharan da suka gabata kuma suna taimakawa jiki ya hallaka su
Yawancin sel daban-daban ana ɗaukar su phagocytes.Mafi yawan nau'in shine neutrophil, wanda ke yaki da kwayoyin cuta da farko.Idan likitoci sun damu game da kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta, za su iya ba da umarnin gwajin jini don ganin ko majiyyaci yana da adadin neutrophils da kamuwa da cuta ya haifar.Sauran nau'o'in phagocytes suna da nasu ayyukan don tabbatar da cewa jiki ya amsa daidai ga wani nau'i na mahara.
Nau'i biyu na lymphocytes sune B lymphocytes da T lymphocytes.Lymphocytes suna farawa a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa kuma ko dai su zauna a can kuma su girma cikin kwayoyin B, ko kuma su bar glandan thymus, inda suke girma zuwa kwayoyin T.B lymphocytes da T lymphocytes suna da ayyuka daban-daban: B-lymphocytes suna kama da tsarin leken asirin soja na jiki, suna neman abin da suke so kuma suna aika kariya don kulle su.Kwayoyin T suna kama da sojoji, suna lalata maharan da tsarin leken asiri ya gano.
Tsarin garkuwar jiki ya ƙunshi hanyar sadarwa na sel, kyallen takarda, da gabobin da ke aiki tare don kare jiki.Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da su shine farin jini, wanda kuma ake kira leukocytes, waɗanda ke zuwa cikin nau'i biyu na asali waɗanda ke haɗuwa don nema da lalata kwayoyin halitta ko abubuwa masu haddasa cututtuka.
Nau'i biyu na asali na leukocytes sune:
Ø phagocytes, Kwayoyin da suke tauna kwayoyin halitta
Ø lymphocytes, kwayoyin da ke ba da damar jiki don tunawa da gane maharan da suka gabata kuma suna taimakawa jiki ya hallaka su
Yawancin sel daban-daban ana ɗaukar su phagocytes.Mafi yawan nau'in shine neutrophil, wanda ke yaki da kwayoyin cuta da farko.Idan likitoci sun damu game da kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta, za su iya ba da umarnin gwajin jini don ganin ko majiyyaci yana da adadin neutrophils da kamuwa da cuta ya haifar.Sauran nau'o'in phagocytes suna da nasu ayyukan don tabbatar da cewa jiki ya amsa daidai ga wani nau'i na mahara.
Nau'i biyu na lymphocytes sune B lymphocytes da T lymphocytes.Lymphocytes suna farawa a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa kuma ko dai su zauna a can kuma su girma cikin kwayoyin B, ko kuma su bar glandan thymus, inda suke girma zuwa kwayoyin T.B lymphocytes da T lymphocytes suna da ayyuka daban-daban: B-lymphocytes suna kama da tsarin leken asirin soja na jiki, suna neman abin da suke so kuma suna aika kariya don kulle su.Kwayoyin T suna kama da sojoji, suna lalata maharan da tsarin leken asiri ya gano.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) fasahar T cell: wani nau'i ne na immunotherapy na salula (ACI).Kwayoyin T na marasa lafiya suna bayyana CAR ta hanyar fasahar sake gina kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke sa sel T masu tasiri sun fi niyya, masu mutuwa da juriya fiye da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na al'ada, kuma suna iya shawo kan microenvironment na rigakafi na gida na ƙari da karya juriya na rigakafi.Wannan takamaiman maganin rigakafi ne na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ka'idar CART ita ce fitar da "na al'ada siga" na kwayoyin T na marasa lafiya da kuma ci gaba da aikin injiniyanci, tara a cikin vitro don takamaiman hari na manyan makamin rigakafin mutum "chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)", sa'an nan kuma sanya canjin canji. Kwayoyin T sun koma cikin jikin majiyyaci, sabbin masu karɓar tantanin halitta da aka gyara za su kasance kamar shigar da tsarin radar, wanda zai iya jagorantar ƙwayoyin T su gano wuri da lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Amfanin CART a BPIH
Saboda bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin yanki na siginar ciki, CAR ta haɓaka tsararraki huɗu.Muna amfani da sabon ƙarni CART.
1sttsara: Akwai nau'in siginar intracellular guda ɗaya kawai kuma tasirin hana ƙari bai da kyau.
2ndtsara: An ƙara wani kwaya mai motsa rai a kan tushen ƙarni na farko, kuma ikon ƙwayoyin T don kashe ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi ya inganta.
3rdtsara: Dangane da ƙarni na biyu na CAR, ikon ƙwayoyin T don hana yaduwar ƙwayar cuta da haɓaka apoptosis ya inganta sosai.
4thƘirar: Kwayoyin CAR-T na iya shiga cikin share yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar kunna NFAT na rubutu na ƙasa don haifar da interleukin-12 bayan CAR ta gane antigen da aka yi niyya.
Hanyar magani
1) Warewar farin jini: Kwayoyin T na marasa lafiya sun keɓe daga jini na gefe;
2) Kwayoyin kunnawa T: ƙwanƙwasa magnetic (kwayoyin dendritic na wucin gadi) da aka rufe da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ana amfani da su don kunna ƙwayoyin T;
Canjawa: Kwayoyin T an tsara su ta hanyar halitta don bayyana CAR a cikin vitro.
3) Ƙwaƙwalwa: Kwayoyin T da aka gyaggyara ta kwayoyin halitta suna haɓakawa a cikin vitro.
4) Chemotherapy: An riga an yi wa mara lafiya magani tare da chemotherapy kafin T cell reinfusion;
5) Sake jiko: Kwayoyin T da aka gyaggyarawa ta Halittu suna ba da baya cikin majiyyaci.
Amfani:
1)Kwayoyin CAR T suna da niyya sosai kuma suna iya kashe ƙwayoyin ƙari tare da takamaiman antigen yadda ya kamata.
2)CAR-T maganin salula yana buƙatar ɗan lokaci.CAR T yana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin lokaci zuwa al'adar ƙwayoyin T saboda yana buƙatar ƙarancin sel a ƙarƙashin tasirin magani iri ɗaya.Za'a iya rage sake zagayowar al'adar vitro zuwa makonni 2, wanda ya rage yawan lokacin jira.
3)CAR na iya gane ba kawai peptide antigens ba, har ma da sukari da antigens na lipid, yana faɗaɗa kewayon antigens na ƙari.Maganin CAR T kuma baya iyakance ta antigens sunadaran ƙwayoyin ƙari.CAR T na iya amfani da sikari da lipid antigens waɗanda ba na gina jiki ba na ƙwayoyin ƙari don gano antigens a cikin girma dabam dabam.
4)CAR-T tana da takamaiman fa'ida - reproducibility bakan.Tun da an bayyana wasu rukunin yanar gizo a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙari masu yawa, kamar EGFR, ƙwayar CAR na wannan antigen za a iya amfani da shi sosai da zarar an gina shi.
5)Kwayoyin CAR T suna da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na rigakafi kuma suna iya rayuwa a cikin jiki na dogon lokaci.Yana da mahimmancin mahimmancin asibiti don hana sake dawowar ƙari.